Choosing the between all the various salt water fish tank filtration systems can be confusing to say the least. But, before you choose your specific system, there are a few points you must know no matter which system you choose. Keep in mind filtration is a very important part of your tank, so don t rush through this step.

In natural habitats, the fish have an ample areas in which to live. In your tank, they are confined to a relatively small quantity of water. In your tank, waste products can quickly build up and spell disaster. That s where the filter comes in.

Four factors have a huge impact on the success of your tank, and your filtration system. You must have an adequate biological base, the appropriate choice of animals, not over-populate, and don t over feed. Get one of these factors wrong, and you most likely will have problems with your saltwater tank.

Biological filtration is the most important sector of salt water fish tank filter systems. The biological filters are living organisms within your tank. They consume oxygen and waste material within your tank. It s not something you can add. They will occur naturally within your saltwater fish tank.

Mechanical Filtration

The second type of filtration for your tank is mechanical filtration. This is where you choose the type of salt water filter system you will use in your new tank.

Mechanical filtration strains the solid particles from your tank water. It will not remove solids trapped by gravel, or other items within your tank. A good mechanical filter traps enough solids to keep your water clear, without becoming clogged frequently.

Smaller openings catch finer particles and are clogged faster than a larger opening. Keep this in mind as you choose your mechanical filtration system.

Types of Mechanical Filters

For years, the corner filter has been the least expensive and most used type of salt water fish tank filtration systems. These clear plastic boxes sit inside the tank. An air stone bubbles air through an airlift tube, which forces water through a bed of filter floss mechanically filtering the water.

Today there are better methods,that don t take up space, look nicer, and perform well.

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Under-gravel filters work by slowly passing water through the gravel on the bottom, which sits on top of a perforated plate. The water pumped with an airlift, with bubbles air lifting the water in a vertical tube attached to the filter plate. One problem is that the gravel clogs up with waste creating a health risk for your fish.

Sponge filters are an efficient,cheap form of biological filtration. Water is forced through porous foam by air bubbling through an airlift tube. Water flowing though the sponge allows the growth of a colony of beneficial bacteria that neutralizes toxic ammonia.

Chemical Filtration

Chemical filtration removes dissolved wastes from aquarium water. The most popular chemical filtration is the carbon filter method. Your water is filtered through gas activated carbon. The best GAC for filtering water is made from coal and is macro-porous (larger pores).

Cris Stanford is the publisher of www.saltwater-aquarium-secrets.com where you ll find money saving advice and expert tips on how to set up the perfect salt water fish tank filter systems.

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I have learned over the years of having different types of dogs that dogs bark for a number of reasons.

Sometimes these can be good reasons such as to warn of an intruder or to express fright or pain.

There can be alot of reasons as far as humans are concerned. Some things humans do attempts to sound menacing or simply to get attention fall into this category.

Whatever the reason for a dog barking, it can often be considered a nuisance by the dogs owners and their neighbors alike. Because of this there are several methods in which to control a barking dog.

Here Are Some Methods To Help You With Training:

By far the best method of controlling incessant barking is to train the dog not to bark or, more specifically, to bark only at the appropriate times.

There are several ways to accomplish this, but dog trainers usually agree that traditional reward and reprimand systems are the most effective and the kindest to use.

Some people opt for an electronic barking collar as a shortcut to training the dog themselves. To me personally I can not do that to my dog. The collar contains an electronic device which is activated by the action of the dog barking.

The device issues a small electric shock which pains and startles the dog. Eventually the dog is able to associate the negative stimulus with the barking and stops doing it. I guess that method
works for some but not for my baby.

The problems with these systems are multiple, however. Some dogs simply do not learn that the barking is the cause of the negative stimulus, and continue to bark despite the discomfort it causes.

Particularly hairy dogs may not even feel the shock or activate the device because its metal points must contact the skin directly in order to deliver the shock.

Also, the collar itself is not enough and must be backed up with training anyway. It is a bad idea to use the collars for an extended period of time.

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Another type of collar that operates on the same principle delivers a mist of citronella in front of the dogs nose. Dogs hate the smell and soon realize that it is caused by the barking. Success rates for citronella collars are comparable to those of the electronic variety.

Would You Consider Surgery On Your Dog?

By far the most extreme method of controlling yuor dogs barking is to have it undergo debarking surgery.

In this procedure a small fold of tissue is removed from the larynx of the dog, rendering it unable to bark.

Some find this procedure to be inhumane and since the dogs bark may return after a few months anyway, it is certainly a less than perfect method which few vets will recommend.

Cyndi Parker writes articles on many subjects including dogs.

Find out how the dog in your life can be the best friend you ever had and so much more at my website which is at http://www.controldogbehavior.com

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Step 1 of 10 to earning a Canine Good Citizen title for your dog is the following:

“Accepting a Friendly Stranger. Goal: Evaluator approaches, shakes hands with handler. Does not touch dog.”

Since the dog must be at least six months of age to even take the Canine Good Citizen test, this is where your socialization of the puppy from early on comes in handy. You dog should be willing to allow people to approach you without barking, growling, hiding behind you or jumping on the person approaching. A bit of sniffing to identify the stranger approaching is permissible, but, for the most part, your dog should be willing to sit at your side and allow you to converse with someone that comes up to you.

It is not imperative that the dog be sitting in the heel position, but it is imperative that you keep an eye on the dog during the conversation (which will be brief in this case).

Ways to help the dog learn this are to take him to places were there will be lots of people that won t have a dog with them. Grocery parking lots, public parks where dogs are allowed, playgrounds where you can ask the parents to allow the children to pet your dog while he sits quietly, anywhere you can find people so your dog can get used to waiting while you chat.

The more your dog is around people and learns to not bother them while they re talking to you, the easier this test will be to pass.

How to correct the dog early in the training? Start with people that you know. When they approach you, if the dog jumps up at them, have them stop and totally ignore the dog. You give a single “sit” command and then ignore the dog until he complies. Then, you can have the approaching person pet and praise the dog. Should the dog jump up again, repeat the procedure until he gets the idea that only if he s sitting will he get praise and petting.

Once that idea is in his mind, gradually phase out the other person praising or petting the dog, while you quietly praise the dog for obeying.

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(The information in quotes at the beginning of this article is involved in the CGC test taken from the AKC test scoresheet.)

C. Rogers Upson has been training dogs and studying them for nearly 40 years. Her website is Dog Potentials and she has two dog-related stores at Keeping to the Borders and Dog Potentials-The Store.

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Recently, in the news you may have heard of Oscar the Cat, who stays at the Steere House Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in Rhode Island. Oscar can predict a person s death is near or eminent and pays a visit to that person s bedside when the time gets nearer to death. How does he know this you ask?

The grim reaper cat is only 2 years old, and already is astounding medical researchers with his talented insight. In some nursing homes across the country they allow dogs and cats to visit the residents, since they offer cheer and smiles to those who are old and sick. It is believed that pets enhance the outlook on life of sick and older people. Oscar s visit however, means more than we would want to know about when he walks into the room.

The Cancer diagnosis ability of dogs first appeared to be studied in 1989, and in early 2000 to 2001. It was then explored that dogs could detect bladder cancers, and melanomas as well, as lung and breast cancers. In the article in Saga Journals entitled “Diagnostic Accuracy of Canine Scent Detection in Early and Late Stage Lung and Breast Cancers” the study was conducted by The Pine Street Foundation, in San Anselmo, California. The group comprised of Michael McCulloch, Tadeusz Jerzierski, Michael Broffman, and others did an Integrative Cancer Therapy study involving 83 patients, of which 55 were lung cancer, and 32 breast cancer patients.
The report in Saga Journals involved 5 dogs, 3 Lab Retrievers and 2 Portuguese Water dogs employed a reward based training method, where the dog s sniffed and identified samples by sitting in front of the cancerous samples. The results?

Quoted from the Sage Publications, on the study, available at: Sagejournal.com

” Among lung cancer patients and controls, overall sensitivity of canine scent detection compared to biopsy-confirmed conventional diagnosis was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99, 1.00) and overall specificity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96, 1.00). Among breast cancer patients and controls, sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75, 1.00) and specificity 0.98 (95% CI, 0.90, 0.99). Sensitivity and specificity were remarkably similar across all 4 stages of both diseases. Conclusion: Training was efficient and cancer identification was accurate in a matter of weeks, ordinary household dogs with only basic behavioural “puppy training” were trained to accurately distinguish breath samples of lung
and breast cancer patients from those of controls”.

The dogs had a 95 percent accuracy compared to biopsy confirmed diagnosis of cancers. Also in breast cancer patients and controls, their sensitivity was 95 percent and for all 4 stages of both lung and breast cancer. This indicates that even if a cancer is in stage 1, their accuracy was the same as if it was at a stage 4 cancer. The dogs were ordinary household pets that conceivably can detect the set of chemicals that cancer patients exhale and in some cases, even before a diagnosis is made, which has been confirmed by regular medical tests. Perhaps someone can study what those chemicals are made up of, since a dog can certainly accurately identified the presence of these chemicals.

A British journal reported that in their study in Britain, where the dog in one case, indicated a positive response to one particular sample, from a non-cancer patient or so they thought at the time. The researcher in the case was surprised that the dog identified a non-cancerous sample.

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Presently, dogs continue to be studied for their uncanny ability to sniff cancer either lung or breast cancer, and a dog scan would be a lot less painful and invasive than having a mammogram. Do dogs possess more of an amazing ability in scenting, or have we known this for years, as they are used to track people lost in the woods, or on the hunt for escaped prisoners. These days they sniff out illegal drugs, and bombs at airports providing a vital service to protect us against attacks.

In England, dog owners train their pets to track the most expensive delicacy on earth -truffles. The areas in England are in the heartlands of Wiltshire and Hampshire. There is even a training school for dogs to be taught how to find truffles in the woods. Truffles are buried underground which are a little harder to find but worth the effort at up to $ 2,200.00 a pound for the more expensive white ones. The breeds being used are Spaniels, Labs, Poodles, and a special breed of Italian truffle hounds called the Lagotto Romagnolo.

Dogs have the capacity to filter the smallest particles in their noses, and can determine different chemicals in the atmosphere or in a breath sample. The whole world out there to a dog is sifted, and translated through their nose, they can determine much information via this venue especially about their owners.

Have you ever wondered why a dog sniffs at you when you first come home after being away all day? They are detecting where you have been, your mood, and can scent whom you have been with, especially if you patted another dog.

This makes Oscar s ability not only astounding, but confirms that cat s also possess an amazing an inexplicable ability to detect disease in humans. The very fact that Oscar can smell or somehow detect approaching death, also verifies that cats have a keen sense of smell detection. This has yet to be thoroughly documented, or studied and perhaps researchers should study more cats, rather than spending millions on diagnostic machinery.

Ongoing research and studies are being conducted in California, and England on different types of cancers, and predictably dogs will prove to be an amazing diagnostic tool in the arsenal to fight against cancer through early detection in the future.

Conceivably a dog can detect the same set of chemicals that cancer patients exhale while they are being diagnosed or even before a diagnosis is made and confirmed by regular medical tests. Dogs are greatly underestimated in their abilities as disease detectors, but we dog owners knew that all along, its just taking medical science longer to figure that out for themselves as the evidence is irrefutable.

Oscar the cat, has a complete accuracy rate so far of 25 out of 25, so he is batting 1,000. It brings a new meaning to the words “Cat Scan”. Oscar is so accurate that once he visits a room, the nurses call the immediate family!

I wonder if Oscar gets a healthy treat now and then for his humanitarian efforts.
Teri Salvador

More details on the study can be found at Sage Publications: http://ict.sagepub.com

From a blog all about dog health and issues, giving away free memberships to the “Doggin Newsletter”. You will not receive this information anywhere else with up to the minute news on dogs, health, products, food, and supplies. A surprise free gift for new subscribers, discounts, and up coming contests. For more information visit:

http://www.DogHealth1.com

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NEVER - under any circumstances - hit, kick, slap, swat or spank your dog! This serves no purpose whatsoever, other than to vent your own anger. It will, however, destroy your dog s trust in you as well as other people. Dogs who are hit and spanked become anxious, fearful and hand-shy (distrusting and scared of human hands reaching out to pet them). They can also become aggressive.

Trust and Respect vs. Fear

The foundation of good dog training is trust and respect (not to mention lots of love!). If your dog trusts and respects you, it will be much easier for him to accept and learn the training with a clear mind. Hitting a dog ultimately teaches him to fear you - how can you teach a dog who is scared of your hand or your voice, or is wary of coming close to you?

Making Bad Behavior Worse

In some cases, hitting or spanking a dog as punishment can make their behavior worse! While you might be saying “NEVER AGAIN” with a swat or a slap, your dog might be learning “never again in your presence“! Your dog will very quickly learn to wait till you aren t around to jump up on the counter and steal food, or he might urinate in a hidden area while you aren t looking. Once your dog learns this type of behavior, it is VERY hard to untrain him! That s right, “untrain” - once your dog starts doing things behind your back because he doesn t want to get hit by doing them in your presence, you can be sure that you ve successfully trained him to do so.

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One dog might become ultra-submissive, cowering in the presence of people and completely distrustful of them, while another dog might show his distrust through snapping, growling, even biting. This isn t how dogs are meant to live.

Never hit your dog - he ll love you for it!

Daniel Collinsworth
More dog training articles can be found here: Dog Training Basics

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The Bloodhound is a scent hound unequalled, some say, by any other breed. The name actually does not mean that it scents or tracks “blood” as is commonly believed. The Bloodhound was a dog that was held in favor by the English “bluebloods” or nobility and that is the origin of the name.

The Bloodhound is an ancient breed and has remained relatively stable since long before the coming of Christ. This is a dog that has always been used for trailing humans. A well trained Bloodhound, when on the trail, travels with great purpose and determination and often will be tireless for hours. It is said that a good Bloodhound can trail the scent particles which have wafted out the window of a vehicle as it travels. In fact this has been speculated about in the records of some of the man hunts which have been recorded in various locales in the United States. The dog in any case has such a strong drive to follow a trail and such a talent for scent discrimination that there have been instances where “contaminated” trails older than five days have been successfully followed.

The Bloodhound is susceptible to the condition of inverted eyelids. This can be surgically corrected. If not done, the dog can be in severe pain, so this is a condition which an owner needs to be aware of. Bloodhounds are also one of the breeds which seem to be predisposed to bloat, which is common in many of the larger breeds. And of course, as is also the case with most of the larger breeds, hip dysplasia is a continuing problem and animals that are to be used for breeding need to be x-rayed for this condition.

The bloodhound s distinctive look, wrinkled and pendulous, actually contributes to it s scenting capability. The long ears sweep the ground and help to bring up the smells into the dog s nasal passages. The long muzzle which is also very “deep” is another factor which enhances the dog s natural scenting ability.

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It is essential that this dog have early contact with people, this is part of its nature. It should not be used as an attack animal. This is a dog with a sweet and gentle personality, however it can be stubborn and difficult to train and has a great deal of strength and power in its shoulders. If not properly trained to a leash early, it is often too much for a person without “dog sense” to handle. This is a dog that has so much concentration on what he is smelling that he puts himself in danger when off leash, he will pay no attention to cars, but remain attentive to whatever smell he is tracking. He is a dog of a generous nature and loves to be with his family. As puppies, they are large and awkward and clumsy. A household with a puppy bloodhound definitely needs to be puppy proofed as it will investigate everything thoroughly.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Dogs

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If you have decided that you want to put a feeder for the birds into your garden you may feel that you want something different than the standard types. Anyone can have a tube feeder or the more common platform bird feeders. Perhaps you are looking instead for a glass bird feeder. These are a more elegant, and often more expensive, type of feeder. Still, it may be your preference to have something a little different, a little more stylish that makes a statement instead of just a bird feeder sitting in your garden. They are also good to have because they tend to last longer than other feeders, are less likely to disintegrate with the elements and will not rot.

The only thing is if you choose one of these their care is a little more complicated than that of the other kinds of feeders. Glass bird feeders need to be cleaned more often since the bird mess will cloud it quickly. Therefore they must be taken down every few days and washed. The best way to do this is to only put in enough food to last a few days. Then when it is emptied clean it. Some people suggest having a second feeder so that you can always have one hanging up. Cleaning one of these feeders should be done with good strong bleach. If that is what you use you need to be certain you rinse it extremely well so that there is nothing in the feeder that could make the birds ill. The smell may also be strong enough to cause the birds to steer clear. It is therefore recommended that you let the feeder air for a couple of days before putting it back into use. This may seem extreme but if you want to use bird feeders made of glass these are the steps you need to take.

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Mayoor Patel is the writer for the website http://www.bird-feeders.wares-are.us/. Please visit for information on all things concerned with Glass Bird Feeders

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A lot of people love golden retrievers and get them home sometimes without checking the credentials of the breeder. This is a really bad idea, as you may then get a golden retriever puppy that is not 100% pure bred and it can have some health problems, which are inherited from its parents or may develop some later on as they grow up.

Purebred dogs too have their share of health problems, which are inherited genetically. Generally golden retrievers tend to suffer from minor health problems which are quite common in nature, and can be easily cured if looked after carefully. For example, luxating patella is one of the common health problems of Golden retrievers when the kneecap gets dislocated out of its normal position. Your vet can help you with this problem.

Similarly, distemper virus is a common health problem of Golden retrievers and is an airborne disease. It is a high-risk disease, and can be easily prevented by getting three vaccinations done for a golden retriever, starting at the age of 6 weeks and ending at the age of 16 weeks. This can be given along with the regular annual booster shot. Symptoms include cough, fever, vomiting and diarrhea. You should take a golden retriever to the vet immediately if it manifests any of these symptoms.

Heart worms are among the most common health problems of Golden retrievers, and can grow up to 12 inches in the heart or lung arteries in all dog breeds. As a result, they may cause heart failure or a decrease in the circulation of blood. So, in this case, prevention is better than cure, and you re better off giving your golden retriever the correct heart worm medicines from before.

It may sound tough to believe, but another common health problems of Golden retrievers is heat stroke. Be sure to keep your dog indoors during the hot months and make it drink lots of water. Don t leave him in bright sunlight for a very long period of time. If you think he s been out for too long, let him rest awhile. Classic symptoms of heat stroke include drooling, panting, dark gums, and even vomiting. Once again you should take it to the vet immediately, if you think he s suffering from heatstroke.

One of the most serious health problems Golden retrievers face is rabies. It has a very serious affect on your dog s nervous system. Generally, dogs are liable to get rabies, only through the bite of another infected animal. To prevent this, you should make sure you get your dog rabies shots periodically as per the vet s instructions.

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Lastly, let me tell you about tapeworms and hookworms. Tapeworms are spread by fleas and can cause a loss of weight, diarrhoea, and irritation in the rectal area. It is better to make sure that your dog does not have fleas by checking regularly. Hookworms on the other hand generally enter your dog s digestive system if they come into contact with feces. For both these problems, you should consult your vet.

Common health problems of golden retrievers can be solved simply by taking it to the vet for regular check ups and of course, your love and care.

Looking for information on golden retrievers? If you are looking for advice on common health problems of a golden retriever or house breaking your golden retriever, visit us now. GoldenRetrieverAdvice.org is a goldmine for information on everything related to golden retrievers.

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Buying a new puppy is an important decision, especially if you already own a dog. It may be a good idea to ask the previous owners or the pet store where you make your purchase how your
puppy interacted with other dogs around him. If he didn t get along or if your other dog has acted aggressively to other dogs, you might have to spend a lot of time with them until they get accustomed to each other.

When the day arrives to introduce your new puppy to your existing dog, you can give both dogs a head start and make them feel more comfortable by making introductions in an unfamiliar place.

Start by introducing your new puppy to your dog in a place other than your home, such as a friend s house or a park that you have never taken your dog to. This will help keep territorial issues out of the way and to keep your dog from feeling threatened. Dogs are territorial and feel that their home is their territory. When another animal crosses their territor, they may feel threatened or become aggressive.
To keep this from happening, let your dog meet his new companion at least twice before bringing him into the home.

Never expect dogs to hit it off right away when introducing your new pup to your dog. Just like people, it may take a little while for your dog to become friendly and trusting of the new puppy. On the other hand, if you have a well-natured dog, you may find him treating the new puppy like it was his own.

Always pay close attention when first introducing your new puppy to your dog. If it seems as though the two are not getting along, or there is growling back and forth, step in the middle and give out treats. Spend extra time with the older dog to show it that the puppy isn t stealing your attention.

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Dogs, just like children need a lot of tender, loving care. When introducing your new puppy to your dog, remember that you are lucky to have both of these additions to your family. Treat them with love and you ll get much more in return.

Ken Shorey is the webmaster of Info-About-Dogs.com.
Whether you re searching for information about choosing the right dog, how to train it, or keep it healthy,
you ll find it at: http://info-about-dogs.com

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A puppy is a young animal that is only just beginning to have control over the sphincter muscles that control his functions. This control is weak, and has been building up largely due to the fact of his unwillingness to soil his own quarters. Your job now is to concentrate his attention on further control, and to extend his unwillingness to soil his sleeping area or anywhere else in the house.

Any pup younger than 3 - 4 months old will not have enough muscular control to do what you want him to. Almost any attempt to house-train a puppy before he his physically ready will only confuse him and set back all your training efforts. The most practical method of training involves paper training. He first learns that newspapers spread out on the floor are the place to go. Then his attentions are progressively directed to the outside.

Despite popular lore, housebreaking is neither a hard or extensive job. Ten days to two weeks will see the worst of it out of the way. Keep in mind that the job requires a constant vigilance, but if you do it right, there is a great feeling of accomplishment and it s done for his lifetime.

You should exercise control over the intake as well as the outgo. The puppy will be fed at regular intervals and he should be watered only at specific times. Give him his water bowl about an hour after he has finished eating and let him during as much as he wants. About half an hour after the watering, start watching or take him out for “time to go.”

The ideal housebreaking room is the kitchen as it usually has a linoleum floor and in most cases a back door leading outside. Wherever you choose as his room, put down several layers of newspaper or training pads are now available.

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If he doesn t use the papered area, take him gently over to the spot, push his nose at it, but not in it, and tell him “No, bad dog”, and then take him outside immediately. Have faith in him and praise his accomplishments, if you ve done everything patiently and well up to now, you may never have another moment of trouble with him.

Randy Jones and his partner Brent Jones have been in the pet industry for a long time. Recently they formed Joncopets.com. On the site, customers can read articles about anything pets as well as shop for the latest leather dog collars and more for their best friend. Feel free to check out the site at www.joncopets.com

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